Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida announced a stimulus package worth more than $100 billion on Thursday as he tries to ease the pressure from inflation and rescue his premiership with his poll ratings at a record low.
Voters in the world's third-largest economy have been reeling from rising prices since Russia launched its invasion of Ukraine last year, pushing up energy costs and putting pressure on the government.
"We are seeing that the tide is turning from the vicious cycle of deflation -- symbolised by low prices, low wages and low growth," Kishida told a meeting where he revealed the size of the package would be around 17 trillion yen ($113.2 billion).
"For the first time in 30 years, we are facing a great opportunity to move to a new economic stage," he added.
"On the other hand, in the current situation where the rise in wages is not catching up with the rise in prices, it is necessary to support people's disposable income temporarily so as to avoid moving back to deflation," he said.
The plan involves income and residential tax reductions of 40,000 yen per person, and 70,000 yen cash handouts to low-income households, Kishida told reporters.
He also pledged to "lead the way (next year) in urging the business community to raise wages to a level higher than this year".
The package was approved by the cabinet on Thursday, and according to public broadcaster NHK, the government plans to submit a draft of the supplementary budget to parliament this month.
The programme will be worth 37.4 trillion yen taking into account private sector spending, local media reported.
There will be funds to promote investment in high-tech areas including the chip and electric vehicle industries.
Debt mountain
The package will likely add to Japan's debt mountain, which stood at 261 percent of gross domestic product in 2022, one of the world's highest.
The government has already injected hundreds of billions of dollars into the economy over the past three years since the Covid-19 pandemic.
GDP has been slowly picking up speed, with growth of 1.2 percent in April-June, but it is expected to have contracted since.
Japan was for decades beset by deflation but like other economies around the world, prices have risen since the Ukraine war began in February 2022.
A weaker yen, meanwhile, while welcome news to Japanese exporters, makes imports pricier and stokes inflation for households.
Unlike other major central banks, the Bank of Japan refused to tighten monetary policy and instead continues to keep interest rates below zero and bond yields ultra-low in a bid to boost economic growth.
That has come even as inflation continues to rise -- the core consumer price index is at a three-decade high -- with officials insisting the increase is temporary despite ramping up its forecasts for this year and next.
But its stance has added to pressure on the yen, one of the world's worst-performing major currencies in 2023.
Poll slump
Poll ratings for Kishida are at their lowest levels since he took office two years ago, in part because of voter unease over inflation.
Kishida, 66, can govern until 2025 but there has been speculation that he might call a snap election ahead of a likely tough internal leadership vote in his ruling Democratic Party (LDP) next year.
He told reporters on Thursday he "is committed to tackling issues that cannot be postponed" and "is not thinking about anything else".
Hideo Kumano, chief economist of Dai-ichi Life Research Institute, said he was "sceptical" whether the package will help either the economy or the prime minister.
Kishida has oscillated between stressing fiscal discipline and wanting to boost spending, he told AFP.
"Those who had opposed any tax hike to finance government policy hadn't supported Kishida. Now, those who had opposed distributing money widely will leave him," the analyst told AFP.
Voters need to be convinced.
"Everyday products have become more expensive so I have no choice but to look for cheaper items," Tokyo resident Masaharu Kashima told AFP.
"I've cut my purchases in half," the 74-year-old said.
"I don't think (the stimulus) is going to change much... They also already gave us 100,000 yen (during Covid) but it didn't change anything."