India's top court on Monday ordered the state-run bank to publish details of previously anonymous political donations made in the form of controversial electoral bonds -- with the disclosures to be made before upcoming national polls.
Last month, the Supreme Court had outlawed the scheme, under which individuals and companies could anonymously buy electoral bonds, saying it "infringes upon the right of information of the voter".
Electoral bonds have been a key method of political funding, allowing donors to give anonymously through certificates purchased from the State Bank of India (SBI).
Critics condemned the campaign financing method as an opaque way to funnel "black money" to parties, but supporters say it provides better regulation than cash donations, which are still legal.
The SBI had requested an extension on publishing the bond details until June 30 -- by which time the general election would have been completed.
Nearly a billion people are eligible to cast ballots in the elections, likely to be held in April and May, with Prime Minister Narendra Modi widely expected to win a third term in power.
But Chief Justice Dhananjaya Yeshwant Chandrachud gave the SBI until March 12 to comply, warning if the bank failed to do so it risked being charged with "wilful disobedience".
The SBI had argued it needed more time to prepare the "complex" payment details, but the court said the information was "already available" within the bank.
The initial court order on February 15 argued that information about political party funding was "essential for the effective exercise of the choice of voting".
It ruled that the SBI must submit details of each bond -- including who purchased it -- since April 2019 to the Electoral Commission, which must publish those details on its website by March 13.
In addition to concerns the scheme allowed huge anonymous donations to parties, critics also feared it gave the government the power to access donor details through the state-owned SBI.
Modi's party has previously defended electoral bonds, arguing the process is more transparent than direct cash donations because it is channelled through the banking system.
Cash donations are still allowed, but carry no tax exemption.