India ran riot to win the opening Test in Perth by a crushing 295 runs on Monday and leave Australia shellshocked and searching for answers.
Set a mountainous 534 for victory, the world's top-ranked Test team crumbled to 238 all out in the final session on day four.
A counter-punching Travis Head made a gritty 89 while Mitchell Marsh chipped in with 47.
But it was never going to be enough against an inspired attack led by the irrepressible Jasprit Bumrah, who took 3-42 to claim eight wickets in the match.
He was ably supported by Mohammed Siraj with 3-51.
"Very happy. We were put under pressure in the first innings but the way we responded was great," said stand-in skipper Bumrah.
"We were really well prepared. I told everyone to keep faith in your ability."
It was an astonishing turnaround for India, who arrived in Australia on the back of a humiliating 3-0 home series defeat to New Zealand.
Given little hope of defending the Border-Gavaskar Trophy they have held since 2017, they now head to the second day-night Test in Adelaide next week with a big psychological advantage and boosted by the return of skipper Rohit Sharma.
The emphatic victory was only India's second in Perth and first since their triumph at the WACA Ground back in 2008.
"Fairly disappointing. Prep was good, all firing, fair bit to look at as lots didn't go right," said Australia captain Pat Cummins.
"You want to get back on the horse but we will take a couple of days' rest and get training in Adelaide.
"We didn't give ourselves a chance in a few different facets, like the finish on day one with the bat.
"There will be lots of conversations on what we can do better in same conditions."
Under Bumrah's makeshift captaincy, India dominated an ageing side which is now the one facing scrutiny after failing to fire.
Out for a dismal 104 in reply to India's first-innings 150, the hosts' bowling attack then had no reply to a brilliant 161 from impressive young opener Yashasvi Jaiswal and an unbeaten 100 from Virat Kohli.
The superstar batsman Kohli came into the five-match series under pressure.
"Jaiswal's best Test innings so far, he left the ball well," Bumrah said of the 22-year-old.
"I didn't see Virat out of form -- difficult to judge that on difficult pitches. But he was good in the nets."
- Bumrah magic -
Australia's batting line-up, which has long relied on one large score or partnership to pull them out of sticky situations, was mostly outsmarted.
With India setting them a huge target, they again capitulated on Monday.
After imploding in the final 30 minutes of play on Sunday, they resumed on 12-3 with Usman Khawaja on three and Steve Smith yet to score.
Khawaja added just one when he mistimed a pullshot off Siraj and got a big top edge.
It was caught by backtracking wicketkeeper Rishabh Pant, who became the most expensive player in Indian Premier League history Sunday at the Twenty20 tournament's lucrative auction.
Head survived a loud lbw shout on seven, a review found it was missing leg stump and he battled on smacking seven boundaries for his 17th Test half-century.
At the other end, Smith was felled by a Harshit Rana bouncer that slammed into his midriff, needing a spell lying on the ground to recover.
He was able to get up and play on, and like Head came through an lbw review on 12.
But their partnership was ended by Siraj, with Pant taking another neat catch after Smith edged a delivery he had to play on 17.
Head teamed up with Marsh in an 82-run stand to temporarily raise home hopes before Bumrah again worked his magic.
Seemingly destined for a century, the largely untroubled Head feathered to Pant with Bumrah's loud double fist-pump showing how ecstatic he was at the breakthrough.
Allrounder Marsh kept the scoreboard ticking over with Alex Carey but fell for 47, dragging a wide Nitish Kumar Reddy delivery onto the stumps.
Mitchell Starc, top-scorer in the first innings, was out for 12 on the cusp of tea before the tail was wrapped up early in the final session.
Bumrah warns India against complacency
Jasprit Bumrah warned his India side against complacency after their emphatic victory over Australia on Monday in Perth in the first of five Tests.
The visitors came into the opening match under pressure after their first home series loss in 12 years, against New Zealand.
But they shrugged that off to dominate in Perth with a commanding 295-run triumph.
Bumrah, the stand-in skipper with Rohit Sharma missing following the birth of his second child, cautioned that the day-night Test in Adelaide next week would be a completely different challenge.
"Obviously it is a positive sign that we got a lot of success, we got a lot of wickets early and we were able to create an impact," he said.
"But it was here. Adelaide might be totally different, it's a pink ball.
"So yes, you can take the confidence from here, but again, you have to start from zero. You have to build on from confidence. You have to take learnings from this game.
"And there were learnings for us in this game, so we're going to take it in our stride and put our best foot forward."
A key positive for India was the batting exploits of Yashasvi Jaiswal and a return to form for Virat Kohli, with both smashing centuries.
But it was their bowling unit that put them on the road to victory by dismissing the hosts for 104 in the first innings.
"I'm very proud of the team," said Bumrah, who led from the front with an eight-wicket haul for the match.
"You know, we were put under pressure in the first innings when we were bowled out for 150 but then the team showed character and didn't lose belief.
"So that is something that will be really special for us.
"We scored a lot of runs in the second innings, new guys coming in, also chipping in with a lot of runs. And of course, Virat scoring 100 as well is a great sign for us."
Rohit was spotted in the nets in Perth on Monday after his late arrival and will almost certainly slot back in as opener and captain in Adelaide.
Bumrah said he had loved skippering the side, but would now do all he could to support the returning captain.
"He's the captain of our side and he's done a phenomenal job. I was filling in for him," he said.
"So, yeah, I still had discussions when he was in India, you know, discussing how we are shaping up. But I'm not going to tell him that I'm going to lead.
"I'm going to help him in whatever capacity I can."