Iran nuclear talks 'positive' despite enrichment, sabotage

Russia said Thursday that the latest talks in Vienna to save the 2015 Iran nuclear deal were positive despite fresh tensions, with Tehran preparing to ramp up uranium enrichment in response to an attack on a facility it blamed on arch-foe Israel.

The latest round of negotiations took place between diplomats over roughly two hours on Thursday afternoon, with Russia's ambassador to the UN in Vienna Mikhail Ulyanov tweeting afterwards that the "general impression is positive".

He added Thursday's talks "will be followed by a number of informal meetings in different formats, including at expert level". 

The talks comprised delegations from the remaining parties to the deal -- Germany, France, Britain, China, Russia and Iran.

An European diplomat had told AFP in advance of the meeting that Iran's announcement that it would enrich uranium up to 60 percent "puts pressure on everyone".

The move would take Iran closer to the 90 percent purity level needed for use in a nuclear weapon.

EU external affairs spokesperson Peter Stano described the announcement as "extremely worrisome from a nuclear non-proliferation point of view". 

"There is no credible or plausible civilian justification for such a decision," Stano told reporters.

Meanwhile, Iranian President Hassan Rouhani re-stated the country's long-standing position that "we are not seeking to obtain the atomic bomb", saying it was a "mistake" for Europe and the United States to express concern that Iran could "enrich to 90 percent in one go".

Tehran says the enrichment move is a response to Israel's "nuclear terrorism" after an explosion on Sunday knocked out power at its Natanz enrichment plant. 

Israel has neither confirmed nor denied involvement, but public radio reports in the country said it was a sabotage operation by the Mossad spy agency, citing unnamed intelligence sources.

US Secretary of State Antony Blinken said late Wednesday that Washington was taking the "provocative announcement" on enrichment from Iran "very seriously".

"I have to tell you the step calls into question Iran's seriousness with regard to the nuclear talks," Blinken told reporters in Brussels.

But events of the past few days have also "reminded both parties that the status quo is a lose-lose situation", and have "added urgency" to the talks, said Ali Vaez, Iran Project Director at the International Crisis Group think tank. 

"It is clear that the more the diplomatic process drags on, the higher the risk that it gets derailed by saboteurs and those acting in bad faith," Vaez added.

US 'open-eyed

Known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), the deal has been disintegrating since US President Donald Trump dramatically withdrew from it in 2018 and re-imposed sanctions, prompting Iran to retaliate by exceeding its agreed limits on nuclear activity.

The Biden administration, while agreeing on the JCPOA's value, has stressed that it is waiting for Iran to first roll back steps away from compliance that it took to protest Trump's sanctions.

An American delegation is attending the talks "indirectly", staying at a separate hotel. 

Washington is "very open-eyed about how this will be a long process," White House press secretary Jen Psaki told reporters Wednesday.

"It's happening through indirect discussions, but we still feel that it is a step forward."

Dangerous spiral

In the meantime, the European diplomat said that Tehran is reducing its "breakout time" -- the time needed to acquire the fissile material necessary for the manufacture of a bomb.

Under the JCPOA, Iran had committed to keep enrichment limited to 3.67 percent, though it stepped this up to 20 percent in January.

The UN's International Atomic Energy Agency said its inspectors visited the site at Natanz for "verification and monitoring activities" on Wednesday, and that Iran had "almost completed preparations" to enrich uranium to 60 percent purity.

Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif said the Natanz attack had unleashed a "dangerous spiral" and warned Biden the situation could only be contained by lifting the sanctions Trump imposed.

"It was unrealistic to expect Iran not to respond to such a humiliating attack at the heart of its nuclear programme," the ICG's Vaez said.

"But the only thing that in the past two decades has effectively curtailed Iran's nuclear programme has been diplomacy, not sanctions or sabotage."