Indian billionaire Adani charged in US over massive bribery scheme

Billionaire Indian industrialist Gautam Adani has been charged with paying hundreds of millions of dollars of bribes and hiding the payments from investors, US prosecutors said on Wednesday.

With a business empire spanning coal, airports, cement and media, the chairman of Adani Group has been rocked in recent years by corporate fraud allegations and a stock crash.

The close acolyte of Hindu nationalist Prime Minister Narendra Modi, a fellow Gujarat native, is alleged to have agreed to pay more than $250 million in bribes to Indian officials for lucrative solar energy supply contracts.

The deals were projected to generate more than $2 billion in profits after tax, over roughly 20 years.

None of the multiple defendants in the case, including Adani, are in custody, the prosecutor's office told AFP.

Prosecutors say one of Adani's alleged accomplices meticulously tracked bribe payments, using his phone to log the bungs offered to officials.

"This indictment alleges schemes to pay over $250 million in bribes to Indian government officials, to lie to investors and banks to raise billions of dollars, and to obstruct justice," said Deputy Assistant Attorney General Lisa Miller.

- 'Fear of reprisal' -

"Gautam Adani and seven other business executives allegedly bribed the Indian government to finance lucrative contracts designed to benefit their businesses... while still other defendants allegedly attempted to conceal the bribery conspiracy by obstructing the government's investigation," said the FBI's James Dennehy.

A self-described introvert, Adani keeps a low profile and rarely speaks to the media, often sending lieutenants to front corporate events.

Adani was born in Ahmedabad, Gujarat state, to a middle-class family but dropped out of school at 16 and moved to financial capital Mumbai to find work in the city's lucrative gem trade.

After a short stint in his brother's plastics business, he launched the flagship family conglomerate that bears his name in 1988 by branching out into the export trade.

His big break came seven years later with a contract to build and operate a commercial shipping port in Gujarat.

Adani Group's rapid expansion into capital-intensive businesses previously raised alarms, with Fitch subsidiary and market researcher CreditSights warning in 2022 it was "deeply over-leveraged."

In 2023 a bombshell report from US investment firm Hindenburg Research claimed the conglomerate had engaged in a "brazen stock manipulation and accounting fraud scheme over the course of decades."

Hindenburg said a pattern of "government leniency towards the group" stretching back decades had left investors, journalists, citizens and politicians unwilling to challenge its conduct "for fear of reprisal."

Adani Enterprises shares crash

Shares in India's Adani Enterprises slumped 10 percent at Thursday's open after US prosecutors charged billionaire industrialist founder Gautam Adani with paying hundreds of millions of dollars in bribes and hiding the payments from investors.

The steep losses in the Adani group's key firm was matched by heavy selling in its other key businesses, with Adani Power losing 11 percent and Adani Energy Solutions tanking 20 percent.

The close ally of Hindu nationalist Prime Minister Narendra Modi is alleged to have agreed to pay more than $250 million in bribes to Indian officials for lucrative solar energy supply contracts.

The deals were projected to generate more than $2 billion in profits after tax, over roughly 20 years.

None of the multiple defendants in the case, including Adani, are in custody.

There was no immediate response from the Adani Group.

With a business empire spanning coal, airports, cement and media, the Adani Group has been rocked in recent years by corporate fraud allegations and a stock crash.

Last year the conglomerate saw $150 billion wiped from its market value last year after a bombshell report by short-seller Hindenburg Research accused it of "brazen" corporate fraud.

Gautam Adani, the family-run conglomerate's founder and one of the world's wealthiest people, denied Hindenburg's original allegations and called its report a "deliberate attempt" to damage its image for the benefit of short-sellers.

The 2023 Hindenburg Research claimed the conglomerate had engaged in a "brazen stock manipulation and accounting fraud scheme over the course of decades".

Hindenburg said a pattern of "government leniency towards the group" stretching back decades had left investors, journalists, citizens and politicians unwilling to challenge its conduct "for fear of reprisal".

Jairam Ramesh, of India's key opposition Congress Party, said Thursday that the indictment "vindicates" their demand for a parliamentary inquiry into Adani.

Ramesh condemned what he called the "abject failure" of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) to hold the Adani Group "to account for the source of its investments".

Adani was born in Ahmedabad, Gujarat state, to a middle-class family but dropped out of school at 16 and moved to the financial capital Mumbai to find work in the city's lucrative gem trade.

After a short stint in his brother's plastics business, he launched the flagship family conglomerate that bears his name in 1988 by branching out into the export trade.

Adani says US charges 'baseless', opposition demand arrest

India's Adani Group called US charges that their billionaire tycoon founder Gautam Adani had paid more than $250 million in bribes "baseless", as the opposition leader demanded his arrest.

The stiff denial came after shares in the industrialist's conglomerate nosedived nearly 20 percent in Mumbai, the morning after a bombshell indictment in New York accused him of deliberately misleading international investors.

Adani is a close ally of Hindu nationalist Prime Minister Narendra Modi and was at one point the world's second-richest man, and critics have long accused him of improperly benefitting from their relationship.

"The allegations made by the US Department of Justice and the US Securities and Exchange Commission against directors of Adani Green are baseless and denied," the conglomerate said in a statement, adding that "all possible legal recourse will be sought".

But Congress Party leader Rahul Gandhi said the businessmen should be taken into custody.

"We demand that Adani be immediately arrested. But we know that won't happen as Modi is protecting him," Gandhi told reporters in New Delhi.

"Modi can't act even if he wants to, because he is controlled by Adani."

Wednesday's indictment accuses Adani and multiple subordinates of paying huge sums of more than $250 million in bribes to Indian officials for lucrative solar energy supply contracts.

The deals were projected to generate more than $2 billion in profits after tax over roughly 20 years.

None of the multiple defendants named in the case are in custody.

- 'Lied' -

Adani and two other board members of his Adani Group "lied about the bribery scheme as they sought to raise capital from US and international investors", US attorney Breon Peace said in a statement.

The indictment drove steep losses in flagship listed unit Adani Enterprises and multiple other subsidiaries immediately after the Mumbai stock exchange reopened on Thursday.

The conglomerate's renewable energy subsidiary, Adani Green Energy, said it had decided to halt a planned bond sale "in light of these developments".

Gautam's nephew and board member Sagar Adani, who is also named in the indictment, told AFP in October that there was "no political connection" between Adani Group and the Modi government.

"We basically set up what the government really needs, in their best interest," he added.

"All the projects we got have not been granted by any concession but through an independent and transparent auction system."

Modi's government has yet to comment on the charges but a spokesman for his ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), Amit Malviya, said the indictment appeared to implicate opposition parties rather than his own.

"Don't get needlessly excited," Malviya added, in a post on social media platform X.

- 'Fear of reprisal' -

With a business empire spanning coal, airports, cement and media, the Adani Group has weathered previous corporate fraud allegations and suffered a similar stock crash last year.

The conglomerate saw $150 billion wiped from its market value in 2023 after a shock report by short-seller Hindenburg Research accused it of "brazen" corporate fraud.

It claimed Adani Group had engaged in a "stock manipulation and accounting fraud scheme over the course of decades".

The report also said a pattern of "government leniency towards the group", stretching back decades, had left investors, journalists, citizens and politicians unwilling to challenge its conduct "for fear of reprisal".

Gautam Adani, the family-run conglomerate's founder, denied Hindenburg's original allegations and called its report a "deliberate attempt" to damage its image for the benefit of short-sellers.

He saw his net worth shrink by around $60 billion in the two weeks following the release of the report and he is currently ranked by Forbes as the world's 25th-richest person.

- 'Abject failure' -

Adani Group's rapid expansion into capital-intensive businesses has also raised alarms in the past, with Fitch subsidiary and market researcher CreditSights warning in 2022 that it was "deeply over-leveraged".

Jairam Ramesh, a spokesman for Gandhi's Congress party, said Thursday that the indictment "vindicates" their demand for a parliamentary inquiry into Adani.

Ramesh condemned what he called the "abject failure" of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) to hold the Adani Group "to account for the source of its investments".

Adani, born to a middle-class family in Ahmedabad, Gujarat state, dropped out of school at 16 and moved to the financial capital Mumbai to find work in the city's lucrative gem trade.

After a short stint in his brother's plastics business, he launched the flagship family conglomerate that bears his name in 1988 by branching out into the export trade.