EU to unveil tough measures to curb tech giants

The European Union on Tuesday will unveil tough draft rules targeting tech giants like Google, Amazon and Facebook, whose power Brussels sees as a threat to competition and even democracy.

The landmark proposals -- which come as Silicon Valley faces increasing scrutiny around the world -- could shake up the way Big Tech does business by menacing some of the globe's biggest firms with mammoth fines or bans from the European market.

EU sources told AFP the long-trailed legislation would see the internet behemoths facing fines of up to 10 percent of their revenues for breaking some of the most serious competition rules.

It also proposes banning them from the EU market "in the event of serious and repeated breaches of law which endanger the security of European citizens", one of the sources said.

The Digital Services Act and its accompanying Digital Markets Act will lay out strict conditions for doing business in the EU's 27 countries as authorities aim to rein in the spread of disinformation and hate speech online, and Big Tech's business dominance.

Around ten of the largest companies -- including Google, Facebook, Apple, Amazon and Microsoft -- would be designated as internet "gatekeepers" under the legislation and subjected to specific regulations to limit their power over the market.

But the proposals will go through a long and complex ratification process, with the EU's 27 member states, the European Parliament, and a lobbying frenzy of companies and trade associations, influencing the final law.

"The idea is not to do away with the large platforms, but to impose rules on them to prevent them from posing risks to our democracy," the EU's industry commissioner Thierry Breton said.

Illegal content

The details of the proposals have until now been carefully guarded by the European Commission, the EU's executive arm, even though a few have leaked.

France and the Netherlands have already come out in favour of Europe having all the tools it needs to rein in the gatekeepers, including the power to break them up.

The main intention of the new rules is to update legislation that dates back to 2004, when many of today's internet giants either did not exist or were in their infancy.

For the past decade the EU has taken the lead worldwide in trying to grapple with the power of big tech, for example slapping billions in antitrust fines on Google, but critics believe the method has been too cumbersome and done little to change behaviour.

The EU has also ordered Apple to pay billions of euros in back taxes to Ireland but that decision was quashed by the EU's highest court.

The Digital Services Act is now being touted as a way to give the commission sharper teeth in pursuing social media platforms when they allow illegal content online, such as extremist propaganda, hate speech, disinformation and child pornography.

Under the Digital Markets Act, the EU is seeking to give Brussels new powers to enforce competition laws more quickly and to push for greater transparency in their algorithms and use of personal data.

Tech giants will also need to inform the EU ahead of any planned mergers or acquisitions under the regulations, Breton said.

The move comes as regulators around the world have increasingly become concerned about the financial and social power of big tech.

US authorities have taken up the call, with several major antitrust cases putting Google under the gun in addition to a legal bid to strip Facebook of its Instagram and Whatsapp products.

Britain's government was on Tuesday also expected to announce proposed legislation to tackle "online harms" by introducing the threat of huge fines for internet giants.